Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension): Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

While most of us focus on ensuring our blood pressure doesn’t shoot up, its drop to unusually low levels can also pose significant health risks. Recognising low BP symptoms, understanding its causes, and knowing when to seek help can empower you to take proactive steps towards maintaining your well-being.

In most cases, natural remedies can help manage low blood pressure. However, professional intervention might be necessary in certain situations. Let’s delve deeper into what low blood pressure is, its symptoms, causes, and effective remedies.

What Is Low Blood Pressure?

Blood pressure measures the force of blood against the walls of your blood vessels. It comprises two readings:

• Systolic pressure: The top number, indicating the pressure while the heart beats.
• Diastolic pressure: The bottom number, representing the pressure while the heart rests between beats.

Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg), with a typical reading being 120/80 mmHg. Fluctuations are common, even in healthy individuals. However, readings below 90/60 mmHg are considered low and medically termed hypotension.

While having low blood pressure is not always a cause for concern, it becomes problematic when accompanied by symptoms. Identifying what are the symptoms of low BP can help determine if action is needed.

Low blood pressure symptoms

Some people experience no symptoms of low blood pressure, especially younger individuals and athletes. However, for others, low BP symptoms may include – 

• Blurred vision
• Confusion
• Dizziness
• Fainting
• Fatigue
• Chills
• Feeling thirsty
• Inability to concentrate
• Nausea
• Rapid breathing
• Sweating
• Depression

These symptoms can vary, particularly in women. Symptoms of low BP in females often include:

• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Nausea or vomiting
• Blurry vision
• Headaches
• Weakness or fatigue

[Also Read: 7 Easy Tips to Keep Blood Pressure Under Control in Winters

Low BP Symptoms Causes

Hypotension can result from several underlying conditions, including:

• Pregnancy – Blood pressure often drops due to the rapid expansion of the circulatory system during pregnancy. 
• Cardiovascular diseases – Heart valve issues, extremely low heart rates, or heart failure can lead to low BP.
• Endocrine problems – Problems like adrenal insufficiency, thyroid dysfunction, or low blood sugar levels can trigger symptoms.
• Dehydration – Inadequate water intake can cause low BP symptoms such as dizziness and weakness.
• Blood loss – Severe blood loss reduces blood volume, leading to a drop in blood pressure.
• Severe infection – Bloodstream infections can cause septic shock, leading to dangerously low BP.
• Nutritional Deficiencies: A lack of vitamin B12, folate, or iron can reduce red blood cell production and result in hypotension.

Types of low blood pressure

Low blood pressure can manifest in different forms depending on its cause:

Orthostatic or postural hypotension

A sudden drop in BP when standing up. Common causes include dehydration, medication, or prolonged bed rest.

Postprandial hypotension

Occurs after meals due to blood flow concentrating in the digestive system. It is more common in older adults.

Neurally mediated hypotension

A miscommunication between the heart and brain causes BP to drop after prolonged standing..

Multiple system atrophy with orthostatic hypotension

A rare condition affecting the autonomic nervous system, resulting in Parkinson-like symptoms and low BP.

[Also read – 7 easy tips to keep blood pressure under control in winters]

Low BP Symptoms and Treatment

Low BP Symptoms and Treatment

Managing low blood pressure begins with identifying the underlying cause. In most cases, simple lifestyle changes and remedies can help. Here are some low BP symptoms remedies:

• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration.
• Eat a Balanced Diet: Ensure your meals include essential nutrients like vitamin B12, folate, and iron.
• Smaller Meals: Avoid postprandial hypotension by eating smaller, more frequent meals.
• Moderate Salt Intake: Increasing salt consumption can help, but consult your doctor first.
• Control Blood Sugar Levels: Managing diabetes can prevent related hypotension.
• Avoid Alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to dehydration and worsen symptoms.

Should You Worry About Low BP?

In many cases, hypotension is not a major concern. However, persistent or severe symptoms can interfere with daily life and may indicate underlying health problems. If you experience frequent fainting, confusion, or other severe symptoms, consult a healthcare professional to determine appropriate treatment.

Understanding what are the symptoms of low BP and their causes essential as you can take steps to manage this condition efficiently and effectively From simple remedies to professional guidance, addressing low BP can improve your quality of life.