British PM Publishes Witness Statements Detailing CCP’s ‘Large-Scale Espionage’ in UK

British PM Publishes Witness Statements Detailing CCP’s ‘Large-Scale Espionage’ in UK

.

Witness statements published Oct. 15, after British Prime Minister Keir Starmer agreed to release evidence submitted by the government in a now-collapsed case, reveal details of the Chinese Communist Party’s espionage operations in the UK.

The statements, provided by deputy national security adviser Matt Collins, were sent to the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) before it decided it would not prosecute two men accused of spying for China.

The case against Christopher Cash, 30, a former parliamentary researcher for the Conservative Party, and Christopher Berry, 33, a teacher, collapsed on Sept. 15, when prosecutor Tom Little KC said the case no longer met the evidential threshold. Both men pleaded not guilty and have continued to deny all accusations.
.
The head of the CPS, Stephen Parkinson, wrote a letter to the chairs of two parliamentary committees on Oct. 7 in which he said that, in light of a ruling in another case involving Russian spies, his organization had written to the government seeking to clarify the government’s position on China.
.
“Efforts to obtain that evidence were made over many months, but notwithstanding the fact that further witness statements were provided, none of these stated that at the time of the offence China represented a threat to national security, and by late August 2025 it was realised that this evidence would not be forthcoming,” Parkinson wrote. “When this became apparent, the case could not proceed.”
.
On Wednesday, the government released Collins’ three witness statements, which were made in December 2023, February 2024, and August 2025. The witness statements give an insight into how the UK government, under the Conservative Party and the Labour Party, viewed China and the extent of the CCP’s espionage operations in the UK.

‘Large-Scale Espionage Operations’

In a statement from December 2023when the Conservative Party lawmaker Rishi Sunak was prime ministerCollins goes into detail about the allegations against Cash and Berry, and then states, “As set out in the Integrated Review Refresh of 2023, the UK is updating its approach to China to keep pace with the evolving and epoch-defining challenge it poses to the international order.”
He stated that the Chinese intelligence services were conducting large-scale espionage operations against the UK, including “those working in [His Majesty’s Government], industries, or on research of particular interest to the Chinese state.”

In a document dated February 2024, Collins said, “China and the UK both benefit from bilateral trade and investment, but China also presents the biggest state-based threat to the UK’s economic security.”

In his August 2025 statement, Collins said, “The Chinese intelligence services are highly capable and conduct large-scale espionage operations against the UK to advance the Chinese state’s interests and harm the interests and security of the UK.”

The Chinese activities “threaten the UK’s economic prosperity and resilience and the integrity of our democratic institutions,” he said.

.

An exterior view of the proposed site for the new Chinese embassy, near Tower Bridge in London, on June 23, 2023. Hannah McKay/Reuters
.

“It is important for me to emphasise, however, that the UK government is committed to pursuing a positive relationship with China to strengthen understanding, cooperation and stability,” he added. “The Government’s position is that we will co-operate where we can; compete where we need to; and challenge where we must, including on issues of national security.”

Collins went into detail about examples of nefarious Chinese activity against the UK.

Referring to the period of 2021 to 2023, which is when Cash and Berry allegedly committed the spying offenses, Collins wrote, “In March 2024, the UK government identified a pattern of malicious cyber activity by Chinese state-affiliated organisations and individuals targeting democratic institutions and parliamentarians as part of large-scale espionage campaigns that had taken place during that period.”

Reacting to the publication of the statements, Badenoch said on Oct. 16 that Starmer “doesn’t have the backbone to stand up to Beijing.”

She called on Starmer to publish any correspondence and minutes of meetings relating to the case.

“The government’s story is falling apart under scrutiny, and the only thing that is clear is that the prime minister knew the spy case was collapsing but did not act,” she said.

The director general of MI5, Ken McCallum, said on Oct. 16 that “Chinese state actors” present a daily threat to the UK’s national security.

He said the security services had carried out an operation against a threat from China in the past week.

“Of course I am frustrated when opportunities to prosecute national security-threatening activity are not followed through for whatever reason,” he said, in reference to the Cash and Berry case.

“The UK-China relationship is by its nature complex, but MI5’s role is not: we detect and deal, robustly, with activity threatening UK national security,” he said, during his annual speech outlining major threats to the UK.

“When it comes to China, the UK needs to defend resolutely against threats and seize the opportunities that demonstrably serve our nation.”

Cash, the former parliamentary researcher, said on Oct. 15 that he wanted to reiterate that he is completely innocent.

“Not just because the case against me was dropped, but because at no point did I ever intentionally assist Chinese intelligence,” Cash said. “I have been placed in an impossible position. I have not had the daylight of a public trial to show my innocence, and I should not have to take part in a trial by media.”

‘Simply Unbelievable’

Starmer has insisted that his government is not responsible for the trial collapsing, and has sought to blame the previous Conservative government, which lost power in the July 2024 election.

On Wednesday, the leader of the opposition Conservative Party, Kemi Badenoch, said, “It is simply unbelievable that he is trying to say the last government did not classify China as a threat,” adding, “How is it possible that the government failed to provide the evidence that the CPS needed to prosecute?”

Dominic Cummings, who was an adviser to Prime Minister Boris Johnson between 2019 and 2020, has claimed that Chinese intelligence breached high-level systems used to transfer sensitive UK government information.

In an interview with The Times, published Oct. 15, Cummings said, “All sorts of systems were compromised. Fundamental infrastructure for transferring the most sensitive data around the British state was compromised for a long time. For years.”

A Cabinet Office spokesperson denied the claim, according to the publication.

“It is untrue to claim that the systems we use to transfer the most sensitive government information have been compromised,” the spokesperson said.

PA Media contributed to this report.
.